Top Sources of EMF/RF Radiation for Most People

The top 25 sources of EMF/RF radiation for most people on earth (alphabetic list, not in order of signal strength) are:

1. 3G technology is from 1.8 GHz to 2.5 GHz
2. 4G technology is from 2 GHz to 8 GHz.
3. 4G LTE technologies include spectrum around 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 1.7/2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz, and 2.5 GHz. These frequency bands are part of the broader frequency range used by 4G technology.
4. 5G networks: Frequency Range 1 (FR1) is from 450 MHz to 6 GHz, which includes the LTE frequency range, while Frequency Range 2 (FR2) is from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz.
5. Airplanes: Varies, typically in the range of 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz
6. Airport full-body scanners: typically use millimeter wave technology that operates in the frequency range of 24-30 gigahertz (GHz). Can also operate in the 10 GHz to 40 GHz range, and sometimes as high as 60 GHz to 80 GHz range. The frequency range starting from 10 gigahertz is suitable for full-body scanners. The advantage of using millimeter wave technology in the frequency range of 24-30 GHz is that the waves can pass through clothing to detect metals and dense materials without causing ionization, which could be damaging to biological tissues, as is the case for X-ray transmission.
7. AM/FM radios: Typically 535 kHz to 1600 kHz for AM radios and 88 MHz to 108 MHz for FM radios
8. Baby monitors: 49 MHz (radiofrequency radiation)
9. Bluetooth devices: 2.4 GHz (radiofrequency radiation)
10. Cell phone tower: United States: Cellular (824 MHz to 894 MHz), SMR (854 MHz to 940 MHz), PCS (901 MHz to 941 MHz), AWS (1695 MHz to 2200 MHz), and WCS (2305 MHz to 2310 MHz). Europe: typically in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands
11. Computer and TV screens: Varies, typically 2.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz for TVs and 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz for computers
12. Cordless phones: 900 MHz (radiofrequency radiation)
13. Electric and hybrid vehicles: Varies, typically in the range of 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz
14. Electrical appliances: such as shavers, hair dryers, and electric blankets 50-60 Hz (low-frequency radiation)
15. Electrical wiring: 50-60 Hz (low-frequency radiation)
16. GPS devices: Varies, typically 1.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz.
17. Induction heaters: Operate in the frequency range of a few kHz to 1 MHz.
18. Industrial appliances operated in the RF and microwave range, for example for heating (e.g. RF sealers) : Varies depending on the device, typically 2.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz
19. Medical equipment such as MRI machines: Varies depending on the device, typically 1.5 THz to 300 GHz
20. Microwave ovens: 2.45 GHz (microwave radiation)
21. Mobile phone base stations and radio towers: 3 kHz to 300 GHz (radiofrequency radiation)
22. Point to Point Links: Point to Point radio 24 GHz and 60 GHz, offers high bandwidth potential and less potential for interference. Point-to-point microwave links: 2.4 GHz to 42 GHz. The higher the frequency, the higher the available capacity, but the effective range is lowered, more susceptible to environmental factors such as rain or high humidity. Wireless point-to-point and point-to-multipoint technologies: 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz. Suitable for high-speed connections between adjacent buildings. Starlink satellites to the customer’s terminal on the ground: 10.7-12.7 GHz, 37.5-42.5 GHz. 5G networks: 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 1.7/2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz
23. Police and Fire: In the United States frequencies range from 1.5 GHz to 4.9 GHz, with 700 MHz being a common frequency for police communications. In Europe, emergency services often use frequencies in the 400 MHz to 480 MHz range. These frequencies are designated for public safety communications to ensure that emergency personnel can effectively communicate with each other and receive necessary information during incidents.
24. Power lines, electrical wiring, and electrical appliances: 50-60 Hz (low-frequency radiation)
25. Power tools: Varies depending on the device, typically 2.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz
26. Radars: Varies widely depending on the specific type and application, typically ranging from a few hundred megahertz (MHz) to tens of gigahertz (GHz) for various radar systems, including military.
27. Satellite TV: Varies depending on the device, typically 12.25 GHz to 14.5 GHz
28. Security devices: Frequency ranges for security devices such as motion sensors, RFID systems, and other surveillance equipment typically range from a few hundred megahertz (MHz) to several gigahertz (GHz)
29. Smart home devices: Varies depending on the device, typically 2.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz
30. Smart Meters: Operate in the frequency range of 902 MHz and 2.4 GHz. The smart meter’s operating band is 26 MHz wide between 902 and 928 MHz. The power output is typically 1 watt in the 902 MHz band and much less in the 2.4 GHz band
31. Smart TVs are typically in the range of 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz, which are the same frequencies used by Wi-Fi routers and Bluetooth devices
32. Starlink: Uses a variety of frequency ranges for its satellite communication system, including the Ka band (27-40 GHz), Ku band (12-18 GHz), V band (40-75 GHz), X band (8-12 GHz), and K band (18-27 GHz)
33. Television Stations: TV (54-806 MHz)
34. Trains: Varies depending on the device, typically 2.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz
35. Welding equipment: Varies depending on the device, typically 2.4 GHz to 3.9 GHz
36. Wi-Fi routes: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz (radiofrequency radiation)
37. Wireless telecommunication devices, mobile phone base stations, and radio towers: 3 kHz to 300 GHz (radiofrequency radiation)

It is important to note that exposure to EMF/RF radiation varies depending on individual circumstances and location.

Citations:

^{[1] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact-sheet
[2] https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-electromagnetic-fields
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466609/
[4] https://www.rivm.nl/en/electromagnetic-fields/emf-dailylife
[5] https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/electromagnetic-fields07/l-3/2-exposure-radio-fields.htm
[6] https://www.bfs.de/EN/topics/emf/hff/sources/body-scanners/body-scanners.html
[7] https://bir.org.uk/media/52443/bir_rcr_airport_security_scanner_report__2_.pdf
[8] https://www.analog.com/en/thought-leadership/millimeter-wave-body-scanners-market-past-present-and-future.html
[9] https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/24936/chapter/4
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimeter_wave_scanner}