Electrochemical smog, also known as Los Angeles-type smog or photochemical smog, is a type of air pollution that forms in urban areas with high levels of vehicle emissions and intense sunlight. It is primarily composed of a mixture of chemicals, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and sunlight.
The process of electrochemical smog formation involves the interaction of sunlight with the emissions from vehicles and industrial activity. Sunlight provides the energy needed to initiate a series of complex chemical reactions, leading to the formation of secondary pollutants, such as ozone and other oxidants.
The primary components of electrochemical smog, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, are released into the atmosphere by the combustion of fossil fuels. Vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and gasoline vapors are significant sources of these pollutants. These pollutants then react with sunlight, creating a thick haze in the atmosphere.
Ozone, a key component of electrochemical smog, is formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is a harmful pollutant at ground-level, contributing to respiratory problems, eye irritation, and other health issues. It can also damage crops and other vegetation.
Electrochemical smog is characterized by its brownish color, hazy appearance, and the presence of a distinctive odor. It is typically observed in urban areas with high population density, traffic congestion, and industrial activities.
